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<h4 align="center" style="text-align:center"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">SCHOOL OF HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE</span></strong><o:p></o:p></h4>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;line-height:150%"><strong><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black">PRESENTATION</span></strong><b><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"><br>
<img width="250" height="333" style="width:2.6041in;height:3.4687in" id="_x0000_i1026" src="https://gallery.mailchimp.com/377ed99b00666e1febb7dbbc0/images/a01d42f9-c2bb-4445-8caf-cdb1d478ba37.jpg"><br>
<strong><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">DR LEAH ARONOWSKY</span></strong></span></b><span style="font-size:13.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"><br>
</span><strong><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black">UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN</span></strong><span style="font-size:13.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"><br>
<br>
</span><strong><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black">Cybernetics and the Making and Unmaking of</span></strong><b><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"><br>
<strong><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Ecological Threats.</span></strong></span></b><span style="font-size:13.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"><br>
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Abstract: Scientists have widely accepted the greenhouse gas theory of climate change since the mid-twentieth century. Yet it was only in the 1980s that this phenomenon was cast as an environmental problem. This talk analyzes this disjuncture. It explores the
role of the conceptual frameworks of science in the making and unmaking of ecological “threats” by charting the rise and fall of the idea of the planet as a cybernetic system. First introduced to the US and British environmental sciences in the immediate postwar
era, cybernetics took a systems approach to the planet itself, recasting the environment as a self-regulating, self-correcting, stable system. In so doing, it offered a new way to understand the ecological effects of anthropogenic pollutants by making it possible
to imagine chemical pollutants like radioactive fallout and greenhouse gases as merely “temporary disturbances” to the system. Using the case of greenhouse gases and global warming, the talk traces how this cybernetic conception of the planet led scientists
to cast the climate as fundamentally imperturbable to human-induced disturbances. In so doing, the talk shows how the conceptual frameworks of science have historically been used to produce—as well as counter—ideas about what constitutes an ecological threat
at a given historical moment.</span><span style="font-size:13.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#DB132A"> <br>
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Unit for History and Philosophy of Science · University of Sydney · Sydney, NSW 2006 · Australia
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