[Limdep Nlogit List] Class Probabilities in LCM

Sumudu Hewage sumuduavanthi.hewage at hdr.qut.edu.au
Fri Nov 24 19:03:59 AEDT 2023


Hello everyone,

I'm conducting a DCE study to explore user preferences for a mobile health app.
This question relates to my Nlogit analysis.

I have 4 attributes, training (Tr), typing (ty), monitoring (m) and health education (he), each with 3 levels.
I have collected data from 302 participants. Each participant answered 8 choice tasks with 3 alternatives, mobile app A, app B and neither.
When a participant chose neither option, they were then forced to select one option from app A or B, with same attribute-level combinations as in the original choice task.

So, I have two datasets; (1) combined dataset with responses both for conditional and unconditional choice tasks and (2) unconditional dataset.

My panel MMNL model for the combined dataset indicates that coefficients for all attribute-levels except Tr2 and Ty2 are statistically significant. Please see below.

|-> sample ;all $
|-> Nlogit
    ;lhs=  choice,cset,alt
    ;choices= appA, appB, neither, appC, appD
    ;rpl
    ;fcn = tr2(n), tr3(n), ty2(n), ty3(n), m2(n), m3(n), he2(n), he3(n)
    ;pts=500 ;halton
    ;pds=Pan2
    ;model:
    U(appA) = ASC_A + TR2*tr2 + TR3*tr3 + TY2*ty2 + TY3*ty3 + M2*m2 + M3*m3 + HE2*he2 + HE3*he3 /
    U(appB) = ASC_B + TR2*tr2 + TR3*tr3 + TY2*ty2 + TY3*ty3 + M2*m2 + M3*m3 + HE2*he2 + HE3*he3 /
    U(appC) = ASC_C + TR2*tr2 + TR3*tr3 + TY2*ty2 + TY3*ty3 + M2*m2 + M3*m3 + HE2*he2 + HE3*he3 /
    U(appD) = TR2*tr2 + TR3*tr3 + TY2*ty2 + TY3*ty3 + M2*m2 + M3*m3 + HE2*he2 + HE3*he3
    $

Normal exit:  31 iterations. Status=0, F=    2435.644

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Random Parameters Logit Model
Dependent variable               CHOICE
Log likelihood function     -2435.64402
Restricted log likelihood   -4511.25447
Chi squared [  19 d.f.]      4151.22089
Significance level               .00000
McFadden Pseudo R-squared      .4600961
Estimation based on N =   2803, K =  19
Inf.Cr.AIC  =   4909.3 AIC/N =    1.751
Model estimated: Nov 19, 2023, 19:21:57
Constants only must be computed directly
               Use NLOGIT ;...;RHS=ONE$
At start values -2650.0815  .0809******
Response data are given as ind. choices
Replications for simulated probs. = 500
Halton sequences used for simulations
RPL model with panel has     302 groups
Variable number of obs./group =PAN2
Number of obs.=  2803, skipped    0 obs
--------+--------------------------------------------------------------------
        |                  Standard            Prob.      95% Confidence
  CHOICE|  Coefficient       Error       z    |z|>Z*         Interval
--------+--------------------------------------------------------------------
        |Random parameters in utility functions
     TR2|     .00500         .09337      .05  .9573     -.17801    .18801
     TR3|    -.81923***      .13418    -6.11  .0000    -1.08223   -.55624
     TY2|    -.04009         .12429     -.32  .7470     -.28370    .20351
     TY3|     .40498***      .12948     3.13  .0018      .15121    .65876
      M2|    1.10921***      .14963     7.41  .0000      .81594   1.40247
      M3|    1.35348***      .18585     7.28  .0000      .98922   1.71775
     HE2|     .21667**       .09269     2.34  .0194      .03499    .39834
     HE3|     .67798***      .11630     5.83  .0000      .45003    .90593
        |Nonrandom parameters in utility functions
   ASC_A|     .18888         .18619     1.01  .3104     -.17606    .55381
   ASC_B|    -.08429         .18404     -.46  .6469     -.44502    .27643
   ASC_C|     .67803***      .15667     4.33  .0000      .37097    .98509
        |Distns. of RPs. Std.Devs or limits of triangular
   NsTR2|     .74171***      .15390     4.82  .0000      .44009   1.04334
   NsTR3|    1.47791***      .13593    10.87  .0000     1.21150   1.74433
   NsTY2|     .72191***      .12957     5.57  .0000      .46796    .97587
   NsTY3|     .99317***      .11326     8.77  .0000      .77119   1.21514
    NsM2|    1.09848***      .10748    10.22  .0000      .88781   1.30914
    NsM3|    1.83987***      .15884    11.58  .0000     1.52855   2.15120
   NsHE2|     .59425***      .17010     3.49  .0005      .26085    .92764
   NsHE3|     .90148***      .11224     8.03  .0000      .68150   1.12147
--------+--------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: ***, **, * ==>  Significance at 1%, 5%, 10% level.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

My LC model for the combined dataset indicates two classes where the PrbCls1 is 0.0 and PrbCls2 is 1.0. Please see below.

|-> sample ;all $
|-> Nlogit
    ;lhs=choice,cset,alt
    ;choices= appA, appB, neither, appC, appD
    ;lcm
    ;pts=2
    ;pds=pan2
    ;model:
    U(appA) = ASC_A + TR2*tr2 + TR3*tr3 + TY2*ty2 + TY3*ty3 + M2*m2 + M3*m3 + HE2*he2 + HE3*he3 /
    U(appB) = ASC_B + TR2*tr2 + TR3*tr3 + TY2*ty2 + TY3*ty3 + M2*m2 + M3*m3 + HE2*he2 + HE3*he3 /
    U(appC) = ASC_C + TR2*tr2 + TR3*tr3 + TY2*ty2 + TY3*ty3 + M2*m2 + M3*m3 + HE2*he2 + HE3*he3 /
    U(appD) = TR2*tr2 + TR3*tr3 + TY2*ty2 + TY3*ty3 + M2*m2 + M3*m3 + HE2*he2 + HE3*he3
    $
Normal exit:   5 iterations. Status=0, F=    2650.082

Line search at iteration   58 does not improve fn. Exiting optimization.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Latent Class Logit Model
Dependent variable               CHOICE
Log likelihood function     -2399.17591
Restricted log likelihood   -4511.25447
Chi squared [  23 d.f.]      4224.15712
Significance level               .00000
McFadden Pseudo R-squared      .4681799
Estimation based on N =   2803, K =  23
Inf.Cr.AIC  =   4844.4 AIC/N =    1.728
Model estimated: Nov 24, 2023, 09:27:00
Constants only must be computed directly
               Use NLOGIT ;...;RHS=ONE$
At start values -2650.0370  .0947******
Response data are given as ind. choices
Number of latent classes =            2
Average Class Probabilities
     .472  .528
LCM model with panel has     302 groups
Variable number of obs./group =PAN2

Number of obs.=  2803, skipped    0 obs
--------+--------------------------------------------------------------------
        |                  Standard            Prob.      95% Confidence
  CHOICE|  Coefficient       Error       z    |z|>Z*         Interval
--------+--------------------------------------------------------------------
        |Utility parameters in latent class -->> 1
ASC_A|1|     .70351***      .24393     2.88  .0039      .22542   1.18160
   TR2|1|     .03834         .07570      .51  .6125     -.11003    .18671
   TR3|1|    -.45627***      .07965    -5.73  .0000     -.61239   -.30016
   TY2|1|     .47226***      .12344     3.83  .0001      .23033    .71420
   TY3|1|     .88861***      .13413     6.62  .0000      .62571   1.15150
    M2|1|    1.52117***      .15935     9.55  .0000     1.20885   1.83348
    M3|1|    2.00652***      .18045    11.12  .0000     1.65283   2.36020
   HE2|1|     .33145***      .07495     4.42  .0000      .18456    .47835
   HE3|1|     .65084***      .08541     7.62  .0000      .48345    .81824
ASC_B|1|     .49572**       .24586     2.02  .0438      .01384    .97759
ASC_C|1|     .08365         .28282      .30  .7674     -.47066    .63796
        |Utility parameters in latent class -->> 2
ASC_A|2|    -.16553         .25222     -.66  .5116     -.65987    .32880
   TR2|2|    -.11543         .11546    -1.00  .3174     -.34172    .11086
   TR3|2|    -.68659***      .12960    -5.30  .0000     -.94061   -.43257
   TY2|2|    -.24102         .14812    -1.63  .1037     -.53133    .04928
   TY3|2|    -.16998         .15433    -1.10  .2707     -.47246    .13249
    M2|2|    -.05793         .16353     -.35  .7232     -.37844    .26259
    M3|2|    -.28550         .18659    -1.53  .1260     -.65121    .08021
   HE2|2|    -.06837         .11835     -.58  .5635     -.30033    .16359
   HE3|2|    -.15197         .12901    -1.18  .2388     -.40483    .10090
ASC_B|2|    -.19388         .25305     -.77  .4436     -.68985    .30208
ASC_C|2|     .38469***      .13191     2.92  .0035      .12615    .64322
        |Estimated latent class probabilities
PrbCls1|        0.0      .4136D-08      .00 1.0000 -.81071D-08  .81071D-08
PrbCls2|    1.00000***   .4136D-08 ********  .0000     1.00000   1.00000
--------+--------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: nnnnn.D-xx or D+xx => multiply by 10 to -xx or +xx.
Note: ***, **, * ==>  Significance at 1%, 5%, 10% level.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

When I ran the model for ;pts=3, Class probabilities remain the same with the probability for one Class having 1.0 and 0.0 for other as shown below.

        |Estimated latent class probabilities
PrbCls1|        0.0      .1464D-07      .00 1.0000 -.28690D-07  .28690D-07
PrbCls2|    1.00000***   .2872D-05 ********  .0000      .99999   1.00001
PrbCls3|        0.0      .2872D-05      .00 1.0000 -.56295D-05  .56298D-05

My question is why the LCM indicates that the probability of participants belonging to Class 2 is 100%, when the MMNL model indicate there are significant preference heterogeneity for attribute-levels among users.
Is there a fault in my LCM code, or could this result be plausible?

Thank you very much for your time.
Kind regards,
Sumudu


Sumudu Avanthi Hewage
PhD Student
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